Preliminary Design Method and Performance Analysis of Small-Scale Single-Stage Axial Turbine for Supercritical CO 2 Applications

Yumeng Han, Yongqing Xiao, Bingkun Ma, Yueming Yang, Ziang Kong, Xinying Liu and Jianhui Qi ()
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Yumeng Han: School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Yongqing Xiao: School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Bingkun Ma: Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
Yueming Yang: Chair of Thermodynamics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
Ziang Kong: School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Xinying Liu: School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Jianhui Qi: School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 22, 1-25

Abstract: The supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO 2 ) Brayton cycle has advantages such as a compact system and high energy density. Axial turbines, the key component of the cycle, have lower rotational speeds, pressure ratios and engineering difficulties compared to radial turbines. This study focuses on the initial design parameters and the complete design process of a small-scale axial turbine based on nuclear power and utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide. The design objective of this study is a 150 kW single-stage axial turbine. AXIAL software is used for batch calculations in the preliminary turbine design to determine the most reasonable initial design parameters, including back pressure, rotational speed, average radius, and mass flow rate. These initial parameters serve as the starting point for the overall turbine design process. The one-dimensional design results of the turbine show an isentropic efficiency of 77.15%, and numerical simulations validate the accuracy of this efficiency.

Keywords: small-scale turbine; axial turbine; initial design point; simulation modeling; performance analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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