Influence of Offset Conditions on Mechanical Characteristics of Pelton Turbine Runners

Yongfei Wang, Kang Xu, Xiaofei Li, Jitao Liu, Yong Wu, Zhaobin He, Jian Zhang and Xiaobing Liu ()
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Yongfei Wang: CHN Energy Dadu River Repair & Installation Co., Ltd., Chengdu 641900, China
Kang Xu: Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
Xiaofei Li: CHN Energy Dadu River Repair & Installation Co., Ltd., Chengdu 641900, China
Jitao Liu: School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Yong Wu: CHN Energy Dadu River Repair & Installation Co., Ltd., Chengdu 641900, China
Zhaobin He: Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
Jian Zhang: CHN Energy Dadu River Repair & Installation Co., Ltd., Chengdu 641900, China
Xiaobing Liu: Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 22, 1-19

Abstract: This study examines the impact of jet misalignment on the mechanical performance of Pelton turbine runners. A comparative examination of the dynamic response characteristics of the runner under four operational conditions—Undeflected Jet (UJ), Radial offset+ (RO+), Radial offset− (RO−), and Axial offset (AO)—is undertaken based on fluid–structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulations. The findings demonstrate that functioning under misaligned conditions modifies the stress distribution on the runner surface, resulting in considerable stress concentration. The maximum Von-Mises stress attains 129.7 MPa, occurring at the bucket notch region under the RO+ condition. The strain distribution aligns with the stress distribution in the elastic regime, exhibiting a maximum Von-Mises strain of 0.000650 (0.650 × 10 −3 mm/mm). The distortion of the runner varies from 0.181 mm to 0.190 mm, with the most significant deformation occurring near the trailing edge. The RO+ condition intensifies the risk of high-cycle fatigue in the runner structure, succeeded by RO− and AO situations. The results establish a theoretical foundation for the secure functioning and structural enhancement of Pelton turbines in misalignment scenarios.

Keywords: offset condition; fluid–structure interaction; numerical simulation; mechanical properties (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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