Comparative Study of Steady-State Efficiency Maps and Time-Stepping Methods for Induction Motor Drive Cycle Performance Analysis

Kourosh Heidarikani (), Pawan Kumar Dhakal, Roland Seebacher and Annette Muetze
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Kourosh Heidarikani: Electric Drives and Power Electronic Systems Institute, Inffeldgasse 18/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
Pawan Kumar Dhakal: Electric Drives and Power Electronic Systems Institute, Inffeldgasse 18/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
Roland Seebacher: Electric Drives and Power Electronic Systems Institute, Inffeldgasse 18/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
Annette Muetze: Electric Drives and Power Electronic Systems Institute, Inffeldgasse 18/1, 8010 Graz, Austria

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 22, 1-24

Abstract: Evaluating electric vehicle (EV) motor performance over dynamic drive cycles is essential for accurate energy efficiency prediction and system-level optimization. While conventional steady-state models enable rapid generation of efficiency maps, they can introduce significant errors due to grid interpolation and the omission of transient dynamics. Limited understanding exists regarding how grid coarseness and modeling approach affect the discrepancy between steady-state and time-stepping solutions. This study quantifies these differences for a laboratory-scale induction motor (IM) operating under down-scaled drive cycles, using experimental time-stepping measurements as a reference. Efficiency maps are developed using three methods—analytic modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental testing—while time-stepping simulations are conducted using an analytic model. The study evaluates both total drive cycle energy efficiency errors and pointwise deviations across the torque–speed envelope for various grid resolutions. Results are compared against laboratory-based time-stepping measurements to identify trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy. Additionally, the analysis evaluates the impact of operating point (OP) placement within the grid and temperature variation on the accuracy of efficiency maps.

Keywords: drive cycle performance; efficiency maps; finite element analysis (FEA); time-stepping solutions; induction motor; experimental measurements (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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