Quantitative Analysis of Energy Storage Demand in Northeast China Using Gaussian Mixture Clustering Model

Yiwen Yao, Yu Shi, Jing Wang, Zifang Zhang, Xin Xu, Xinhong Wang, Dingheng Wang, Zilai Ou and Zhe Ma ()
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Yiwen Yao: Power Economic Research Institute of Jilin Electric Power Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
Yu Shi: Power Economic Research Institute of Jilin Electric Power Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
Jing Wang: Power Economic Research Institute of Jilin Electric Power Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
Zifang Zhang: Deepwater Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Xin Xu: Power Economic Research Institute of Jilin Electric Power Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
Xinhong Wang: Power Economic Research Institute of Jilin Electric Power Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
Dingheng Wang: Power Economic Research Institute of Jilin Electric Power Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
Zilai Ou: Deepwater Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Zhe Ma: Deepwater Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: The increased share of new energy sources in Northeast China’s power mix has strained grid stability. Energy storage technologies are essential for maintaining grid stability by addressing peak shaving and frequency regulation challenges. However, a clear quantitative assessment of the region’s energy storage needs is lacking, leading to weak grid stability and limited growth potential. This paper analyzes power supply data from Northeast China and models the stochastic characteristics of new energy generation. A joint optimization model for energy storage and thermal power is developed to optimize power allocation for peak shaving and frequency regulation at minimal cost. The empirical distribution method quantifies the relationship between storage power, capacity, and confidence levels, providing insights into the region’s future energy storage demands. The study finds that under 10 typical scenarios, the demand for peaking power at a 15 min scale is ≤500 MW, and the demand for frequency regulation at a 1 min scale is ≤1000 MW. At the 90% confidence level, the required capacity for new energy storage for peak shaving and frequency regulation is 424.13 MWh and 197.65 MWh, respectively. The required power for peak shaving and frequency regulation is 247.88 MW and 527.33 MW, respectively. The durations of peak shaving and frequency regulation are 1.71 h and 0.38 h. It also forecasts the energy storage capacity in the northeast region from 2025 to 2030 under the 5% annual incremental new energy penetration scenario. These findings provide theoretical support for energy storage policies in Northeast China during the 14th Five-Year Plan and practical guidance for accelerating energy storage industrialization.

Keywords: energy storage; demand capacity; renewable energy; power systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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