The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model

Chen Jiang, Qingjie Liu (), Kaiqi Leng, Zubo Zhang, Xu Chen and Tong Wu
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Chen Jiang: College of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Qingjie Liu: Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065007, China
Kaiqi Leng: College of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Zubo Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
Xu Chen: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
Tong Wu: College of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 2, 1-18

Abstract: In the process of reservoir water flooding development, the characteristics of underground seepage field have changed, resulting in increasingly complex oil–water distribution. The original understanding of reservoir physical property parameters based on the initial stage of development is insufficient to guide reservoir development efforts in the extra-high water cut stage. To deeply investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of heterogeneity in the internal seepage field of layered reservoirs during water flooding development, water–oil displacement experimental simulations were conducted based on layered, normally graded models. By combining CT scanning technology and two-phase seepage theory, the variation patterns of heterogeneity in the seepage field of medium-to-high permeability, normally graded reservoirs were analyzed. The results indicate that the effectiveness of water flooding development is doubly constrained by differences in oil–water seepage capacities and the heterogeneity of the seepage field. During the development process, both the reservoir’s flow capacity and the heterogeneity of the seepage field are in a state of continuous change. Influenced by the extra resistance brought about by multiphase flow, the reservoir’s flow capacity drops to 41.6% of the absolute permeability in the extra-high water cut stage. Based on differences in the variation amplitudes of oil–water-phase permeabilities, changes in the heterogeneity of the internal seepage field of the reservoir can be broadly divided into periods of drastic change and relative stability. During the drastic change stage, the fluctuation amplitude of the water-phase permeability variation coefficient is 114.5 times that of the relative stable phase, while the fluctuation amplitude of the oil-phase permeability variation coefficient is 5.2 times that of the stable stage. This study reveals the dynamic changes in reservoir seepage characteristics during the water injection process, providing guidance for water injection development in layered reservoirs.

Keywords: positive rhythm reservoir; seepage field; heterogeneity; comprehensive flow capacity; variation coefficient (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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