Numerical Study on the Characteristics of Hydrogen Leakage, Diffusion and Ventilation in Ships

Chang-Yong Lee and Sang-Kyun Park ()
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Chang-Yong Lee: Department of Maritime Police & Technology, Gangwon State University, Gangneung 25425, Republic of Korea
Sang-Kyun Park: Division of Maritime AI & Cyber Security, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: Hydrogen is a promising environmentally friendly fuel with the potential for zero-carbon emissions, particularly in maritime applications. However, owing to its wide flammability range (4–75%), significant safety concerns persist. In confined spaces, hydrogen leaks can lead to explosions, posing a risk to both lives and assets. This study conducts a numerical analysis to investigate hydrogen flow within hydrogen storage rooms aboard ships, with the goal of developing efficient ventilation strategies. Through simulations performed using ANSYS-CFX, this research evaluates hydrogen diffusion, stratification, and ventilation performance. A vertex angle of 120° at the ceiling demonstrated superior ventilation efficiency compared to that at 177°, while air inlets positioned on side-wall floors or mid-sections proved more effective than those located near the ceiling. The most efficient ventilation occurred at a velocity of 1.82 m/s, achieving 20 air exchanges per hour. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of safer hydrogen vessel operations.

Keywords: hydrogen diffusion; hydrogen leakage; ventilation; shipboard hydrogen storage; computational fluid dynamics; ceiling apex angle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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