Exhaust Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with High-Ethanol Gasoline

Miłosław Kozak (), Marek Waligórski, Grzegorz Wcisło, Sławomir Wierzbicki () and Kamil Duda
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Miłosław Kozak: Institute of Powertrains and Aviation, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Marek Waligórski: Institute of Powertrains and Aviation, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Grzegorz Wcisło: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Energy and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering and Power Technologies, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
Sławomir Wierzbicki: Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Kamil Duda: Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: Ethyl alcohol is a known additive to automotive gasoline. In commercially available gasolines, its concentration is between 5 and 10%. Since ethyl alcohol can be considered as a renewable fuel, efforts are being made to further increase its content in gasoline. This article describes the results of comparison experiments on a Euro 5 direct injection spark-ignition car engine fueled with conventional gasoline and gasoline with 30% v / v ethyl alcohol content (E30). The test results showed that a significant share of ethanol in the fuel did not affect most of the regulated emissions of gaseous components (namely: CO, HC, NO), i.e., a three-way catalyst effectively removed these components, regardless of the fuel composition. Slightly lower CO 2 emissions with the E30 fuel were noticeable. A significant difference, however, in lower particulate number emissions for the fuel with high-ethanol content was seen. At high engine load, the use of the E30 fuel resulted in a tenfold reduction in particulate number emissions. This might be considered as a very valuable effect of ethanol since direct injection spark-ignition engines are typically characterized by higher particulate emissions compared to engines equipped with other types of injection systems.

Keywords: ethyl alcohol; spark-ignition engine; direct injection; exhaust emissions; particulate number (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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