Quality of Consumed Energy as a Key Element in the Development of Processes of Energy Transformation in the European Union Countries

Beata Bieszk-Stolorz, Krzysztof Dmytrów () and Michał Bernard Pietrzak
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Beata Bieszk-Stolorz: Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland
Krzysztof Dmytrów: Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland
Michał Bernard Pietrzak: Institute of Economics and Finance, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-20

Abstract: The process of energy transformation is one of the crucial elements of the process of improvement of the quality of consumed energy. The aim of the research is to assess the European Union countries in terms of the quality of their consumed energy and the speed of adaptation of this aspect of the energy transformation process. We assess the quality of consumed energy by means of the synthetic measure obtained by means of the dynamic version of the COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) method. We compare the countries with the dynamics of the energy transformation process by means of the dynamic time warping method and the hierarchical clustering. Obtained results indicate the best countries with respect to the quality of consumed energy were Malta, Austria, and Germany, and the worst ones—Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia. The process of energy transformation was evolving in the right direction—the quality of consumed energy increased. This increase was the fastest in Malta, Luxembourg, and Poland. The direction for future research is extending the set of variables to also consider other aspects of the energy transformation.

Keywords: quality of consumed energy; energy transformation; EU countries; COPRAS method; dynamic time warping; hierarchical clustering (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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