Potential of PN Reduction in Passenger Cars with DPF and GPF

Zbigniew Stepien (), Pierre Comte, Danilo Engelmann, Jan Czerwinski, Andreas Mayer and Lauretta Rubino
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Zbigniew Stepien: Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 31-503 Krakow, Poland
Pierre Comte: School of Engineering and Computer Science, Berne University of Applied Sciences, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Danilo Engelmann: School of Engineering and Computer Science, Berne University of Applied Sciences, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Jan Czerwinski: VERT Association, 8166 Niederweningen, Switzerland
Andreas Mayer: VERT Association, 8166 Niederweningen, Switzerland
Lauretta Rubino: VERT Association, 8166 Niederweningen, Switzerland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-20

Abstract: Particle number concentration (PN) in vehicle exhaust and ambient air describes the number of ultrafine particles (UFPs) below 500 nm, which are recognized as a toxic and carcinogenic component of pollution and are regulated in several countries. Metal nuclei, ash, and organic matter contribute significantly to the ultrafine particle size fraction and, thus, to the particle number concentration. Exhaust gas filtration is increasingly being used worldwide to significantly reduce this pollution, both on diesel particulate filter (DPF) and gasoline particulate filter (GPF) engines. In recent years, the EU has also funded research projects dealing with the possibilities of retrofitting gasoline vehicles with GPFs. This paper presents the results and compares the PN emissions of different vehicles. An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) diesel car with a DPF is considered as a benchmark. The PN emissions of this car are compared with a CNG car without filtration and with gasoline cars equipped with GPFs. It can be concluded that the currently used GPFs still have some potential to improve their filtration efficiency and that a modern CNG car would still have remarkable possibilities to reduce PN emissions with an improved quality GPF.

Keywords: particle number; particle size; nanoparticles; diesel particle filter; gasoline particle filter; PN emissions of CNG vehicle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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