Fault Detection of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: An Overview

Henghui Li, Zi-Qiang Zhu (), Ziad Azar, Richard Clark and Zhanyuan Wu
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Henghui Li: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Zi-Qiang Zhu: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Ziad Azar: Sheffield Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Research Centre, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
Richard Clark: Sheffield Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Research Centre, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
Zhanyuan Wu: Sheffield Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Research Centre, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-44

Abstract: These days, as the application of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) and drive systems becomes popular, the reliability issue of PMSMs gains more and more attention. To improve the reliability of PMSMs, fault detection is one of the practical techniques that enables the early interference and mitigation of the faults and subsequently reduces the impact of the faults. In this paper, the state-of-the-art fault detection methods of PMSMs are systematically reviewed. Three typical faults, i.e., the inter-turn short-circuit fault, the PM partial demagnetization fault, and the eccentricity fault, are included. The existing methods are firstly classified into signal-, model-, and data-based methods, while the focus of this paper is laid on the signal sources and the signatures utilized in these methods. Based on this perspective, this paper intends to provide a new insight into the inherent commonalities and differences among these detection methods and thus inspire further innovation. Furthermore, comparison is conducted between methods based on different signatures. Finally, some issues in the existing methods are discussed, and future work is highlighted.

Keywords: demagnetization; eccentricity; fault detection; fault signature; inter-turn short-circuit; permanent magnet; permanent magnet synchronous machine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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