Analysis and Evaluation of a TCO 2 Electrothermal Energy Storage System with Integration of CO 2 Geological Storage

Aristeidis Stoikos, Alexios-Spyridon Kyriakides, Júlio Carneiro, Dounya Behnous, Georgios Gravanis, Ioannis N. Tsimpanogiannis, Panos Seferlis and Spyros Voutetakis ()
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Aristeidis Stoikos: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Alexios-Spyridon Kyriakides: Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Júlio Carneiro: ICT/IIFA, Geosciences Department, Universidade de Évora, R. Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
Dounya Behnous: Converge! Lda, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia do Alentejo, R. Luís Adelino da Fonseca, Lt 1A, 7005-841 Évora, Portugal
Georgios Gravanis: Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Ioannis N. Tsimpanogiannis: Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Panos Seferlis: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Spyros Voutetakis: Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-29

Abstract: The goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions necessitates the increase in RES utilization. To accomplish this goal, energy storage solutions are required. This study investigates the performance of an electrothermal energy storage system, the CEEGS, which consists of an above-surface energy storage system and a below-surface geological system. The focus is set initially on the analysis of the above-surface system to gain insight into its operation. Then, steady-state optimization is utilized to identify the operating conditions that maximize the system performance, before investigating the below-surface system integration and the effect that the geological conditions have on system performance. For the above-surface system, efficiency (η R-T ) up to 46.89% is calculated. For systems integrated with CO 2 geological storage, two case studies are examined, presenting higher η R-T compared to the above-surface system (Case study 1: 50.37%, Case study 2: 67.39%). The optimal η R-T for Case study 2 is achieved for higher injection/production pressures and temperatures conditions and minimal ΔP and ΔT between injection and production. In conclusion, it is the selection of the geological storage conditions that contribute the most to the optimal η R-T ; thus, the selection of the appropriate geological storage formation is imperative.

Keywords: electrothermal energy storage; transcritical CO 2 (TCO 2 ); CO 2 geological storage; parametric sensitivity analysis; steady-state optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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