Load Frequency Control Based on Gray Wolf Optimizer Algorithm for Modern Power Systems

Dao Huy Tuan, Dao Trong Tran, Thanh Van Nguyen Ngoc and Huynh Van Van ()
Additional contact information
Dao Huy Tuan: Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Dao Trong Tran: Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Thanh Van Nguyen Ngoc: Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Huynh Van Van: Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-17

Abstract: The increasing complexity of modern power systems (MPSs), driven by the integration of renewable energy sources and multi-area configurations, demands robust and adaptive load frequency control (LFC) strategies. This paper proposes a novel approach to the LFC of the MPS by integrating a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller optimized using the gray wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm. The effectiveness of the GWO-PID method is evaluated on multi-area power systems, including systems integrated with wind energy. The GWO-PID controller shows superior frequency stability, achieving deviations of 49.67 Hz, 49.68 Hz, 49.87 Hz, 49.87 Hz and 49.88 Hz for area 1 and area 2 of the two-area multisource MPS, as well as for area 1, area 2 and area 3 in the three-area multisource MPS. The results demonstrate significant improvements in frequency stabilization, reduced oscillations and enhanced steady-state accuracy compared to traditional optimization techniques. This study emphasizes the scalability and adaptability of the proposed method to changing load conditions and complexity of the MPSs, providing a potential solution to ensure stability and reliability for the MPSs.

Keywords: modern power systems; load frequency control; gray wolf optimizer (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/4/815/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/4/815/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:4:p:815-:d:1587546

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().