Coordinated Optimization Method of Electric Buses and Voltage Source Converters for Improving the Absorption Capacity of New Energy Sources and Loads in Distribution Networks

Yang Liu, Min Huang, Yujing Zhang, Lu Zhang (), Wenbin Liu, Haidong Yu, Feng Wang and Lisheng Li
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Yang Liu: State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250003, China
Min Huang: State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250003, China
Yujing Zhang: College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Lu Zhang: College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Wenbin Liu: State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250003, China
Haidong Yu: State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250003, China
Feng Wang: State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250003, China
Lisheng Li: State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250003, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-14

Abstract: The large-scale integration of renewable energy sources and new loads, such as distributed photovoltaics and electric vehicles, has resulted in frequent power quality issues within distribution networks. Traditional AC distribution networks lack the necessary flexibility and have limited capacity to accommodate these new energy sources and loads. Transforming the conventional distribution network into an AC-DC hybrid network using flexible interconnection devices like Voltage Source Converters can enhance the network’s flexibility, mitigating the power quality challenges arising from the integration of renewable energy and new loads. Electric buses, with their substantial capacity, mobility, and centralized management, offer potential as mobile energy storage. They can participate in the dispatching of the distribution network, thereby improving the network’s flexibility in power regulation. This paper proposes a coordinated optimization approach that integrates electric buses and VSCs for distribution network dispatch. This method enables electric buses to assist in power dispatch without interfering with their primary public transport duties, thus enhancing the network’s capacity to absorb new energy sources and loads. Firstly, considering the mobility characteristics of electric buses, a multi-layer stochastic Time–Space Network model is developed for bus dispatching. Secondly, an optimization model is constructed that accounts for the coordination of charging and discharging power between VSCs and electric buses, with the objective of minimizing the network losses in the distribution system. Finally, the proposed model is transformed into a second-order cone programming formulation, facilitating its solution through convex optimization techniques. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study.

Keywords: AC-DC distribution network; distributed photovoltaic; electric bus; space–time network model; source-load absorption (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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