A Novel Integrated Biorefinery for the Valorization of Residual Cardoon Biomass: Overview of Technologies and Process Simulation

Vittoria Fatta, Aristide Giuliano (), Maria Teresa Petrone, Francesco Nanna, Antonio Villone, Donatella Barisano, Roberto Albergo, Federico Liuzzi, Diego Barletta and Isabella De Bari
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Vittoria Fatta: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Aristide Giuliano: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Maria Teresa Petrone: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Francesco Nanna: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Antonio Villone: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Donatella Barisano: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Roberto Albergo: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Federico Liuzzi: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Diego Barletta: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Isabella De Bari: Division of Bioenergy, Biorefinery, and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, S.S. 106 Ionica km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-22

Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass is currently widely used in many biorefining processes. The full exploitation of biomass from uncultivated or even marginal lands for the production of biobased chemicals has deserved huge attention in the last few years. Among the sustainable biomass-based value chains, cardoon crops could be a feedstock for biorefineries as they can grow on marginal lands and be used as raw material for multipurpose exploitation, including seeds, roots, and epigeous lignocellulosic solid residue. This work focused on the technical analysis of a novel integrated flowsheet for the exploitation of the lignocellulosic fraction through the assessment of thermochemical, biochemical, and extractive technologies and processes. In particular, high-yield thermochemical processes (gasification), innovative biotechnological processes (syngas fermentation to ethanol), and extractive/catalyzed processes for the valorization of cardoon roots to FDCA and residual solid biomass were modeled and simulated. Inulin conversion to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid was the main conversion route taken into consideration. Finally, the novel process flowsheet, treating 130,000 t/y of residual biomass and integrating all proposed technologies, was modeled and assessed using process simulation tools to achieve overall mass and energy balances for comparison with alternative options. The results indicated that cardoon biorefining through the proposed flowsheet can produce, per 1000 tons of input dry biomass, 211 kg of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid and 140 kg of ethanol through biomass gasification followed by syngas fermentation. Furthermore, a pre-feasibility analysis was conducted, revealing significant and potentially disruptive results in terms of environmental impact (with 40 kt CO2eq saved) and economic feasibility (with an annual gross profit of EUR 30 M/y).

Keywords: lignocellulosic material; bioprocesses modeling; technical performances; mass and energy balances; environmental; economic feasibility; inulin; FDCA; ethanol (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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