Operation Control Design of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic and Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System

Ke Zhou (), Xiankui Wen, Mingjun He, Qian Tang and Junfeng Tan
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Ke Zhou: Electric Power Research Institute of Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550002, China
Xiankui Wen: Electric Power Research Institute of Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550002, China
Mingjun He: Electric Power Research Institute of Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550002, China
Qian Tang: Liupanshui Power Supply Bureau of Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Liupanshui 553001, China
Junfeng Tan: China Southern Power Grid Artificial Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-15

Abstract: In order to smooth the fluctuation of photovoltaic (PV) power affected by irradiation conditions, weaken the frequent disturbance to the distribution network, and, thus, enhance its acceptance to PV, a fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage device (FSHESS) is configured on the DC side of a grid-connected PV system, which is combined with the PV unit to form a hybrid PV power generation system, i.e., the PV-FSHESS. Based on the analysis of the electrical characteristics of the FC and the SC, an improved low-pass filtering method based on rules and considering the state of charge constraint of the SC is proposed for the power allocation of the FSHESS. With respect to the problem of DC-bus voltage stabilization, a modified variable speed integral nonlinear PI controller is presented for the purpose of overcoming the following disadvantages: (i) the ordinary PI controller cannot adaptively adjust the cumulative speed of the integral term in line with the deviation, which may cause large overshoot and oscillation; and (ii) the conventional variable speed integral controller has more parameters, which increases the difficulty of parameter tuning. The simulation verification is carried out under different operating conditions of PV output power and load demands, and the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Keywords: grid-connected operation; photovoltaic power generation; hybrid energy storage; fuel cell; supercapacitor; power allocation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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