Comparative Analysis of Protection Schemes for Shunt Reactors: Addressing Turn-to-Ground and Turn Faults with Parametric Sensitivity and Transient Evaluations

Maria Leonor Silva de Almeida, Diogo Guilherme Ferreira, Lina P. Garcés Negrete, Jesús M. López-Lezama () and Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano
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Maria Leonor Silva de Almeida: Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering School, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Universitária No. 1488, Goiânia 74605-010, Brazil
Diogo Guilherme Ferreira: Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering School, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Universitária No. 1488, Goiânia 74605-010, Brazil
Lina P. Garcés Negrete: Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering School, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Universitária No. 1488, Goiânia 74605-010, Brazil
Jesús M. López-Lezama: Research Group in Efficient Energy Management (GIMEL), Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 56-108, Medellin 050010, Colombia
Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano: Research Group in Efficient Energy Management (GIMEL), Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 56-108, Medellin 050010, Colombia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-21

Abstract: In electrical power systems, shunt reactors control excess reactive power, keeping voltage levels within acceptable limits. As shunt reactors play a crucial role in the operation of electrical systems, it is essential to ensure the use of modern and fast protection schemes for these devices. Furthermore, protection functions must be capable of identifying various fault conditions, including critical operating situations such as turn-to-ground and turn faults, involving only a few short-circuited turns. This paper proposes a comparative evaluation of protection schemes commonly employed by manufacturers to meet the requirements of different grid codes. Thus, the investigation encompasses restricted earth fault, directional, differential, and distance functions. The latter is typically cited as a backup protection function. To support the analyses conducted, an electrical power system with shunt compensation was modeled in the ATPDraw software version 7.3. Through this platform, various internal fault conditions were simulated, encompassing turn-to-ground and turn faults. This facilitated the analysis of the influence of parameters such as the leakage factor value and the number of short-circuited turns. Additionally, external fault conditions were evaluated, including cases involving Current Transformer (CT) saturation.

Keywords: shunt reactor protection; turn-to-ground faults; turn faults; protection functions; parametric sensitivity analysis; ATPDraw simulations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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