Transient Frequency Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Generator

Zhou Su, Guoqing Yang () and Lixiao Yao
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Zhou Su: School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Guoqing Yang: School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Lixiao Yao: School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: The large-scale integration of renewable energy into power systems significantly alters their operational characteristics, reducing system inertia and posing challenges to transient frequency stability. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology offers a solution by enhancing system inertia and improving transient frequency stability. To quantitatively analyze the transient characteristics of VSGs and optimize their control strategies, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive transient frequency model. This paper establishes a transient frequency model for VSGs, incorporating their inertial response, primary frequency regulation, and secondary frequency regulation. A MATLAB/Simulink-based (version R2021b) simulation model is constructed to validate the analytical model. Additionally, the impact of various control parameters on VSG transient frequency is examined, providing valuable insights and guidance for maintaining system frequency stability.

Keywords: VSG; inertial response; primary frequency regulation; secondary frequency regulation; transient frequency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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