Valorization of Forest Biomass Through Pyrolysis: A Study on the Energy Potential of Wood Tars

Jakub Brózdowski (), Magdalena Witczak, Klaudia Sikorska, Izabela Ratajczak, Magdalena Woźniak, Monika Bartkowiak, Grzegorz Cofta, Grażyna B. Dąbrowska and Magdalena Zborowska
Additional contact information
Jakub Brózdowski: Department of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Poland
Magdalena Witczak: Łukasiewicz Research Network—Poznań Institute of Technology, 61755 Poznan, Poland
Klaudia Sikorska: Łukasiewicz Research Network—Poznań Institute of Technology, 61755 Poznan, Poland
Izabela Ratajczak: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Poland
Magdalena Woźniak: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Poland
Monika Bartkowiak: Department of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Poland
Grzegorz Cofta: Department of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Poland
Grażyna B. Dąbrowska: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87100 Toruń, Poland
Magdalena Zborowska: Department of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-11

Abstract: Forest biomass is a renewable source of environmentally friendly material—wood. However, wood processing generates large amounts of by-products, including branches. These byproducts are often used as firewood; however, they can be used much more effectively. In this study, the pyrolysis of two woods, namely birch and pine, was proposed. The liquid products of pyrolysis were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, and the heating value of these products was evaluated. In order to find the optimal pyrolysis temperature from the point of view of the calorific value of the product, the process was carried out at four temperatures: 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C. The liquid product yielded three fractions, from which two were analyzed, namely the dense tar fraction and light liquid fraction. FTIR analysis results clearly demonstrated that samples from different fractions differ from one another, yet the results within the same fraction are remarkably similar. The tar fraction was characterized with a higher gross calorific value between 42 to 50 MJ/kg, while the liquid fraction gross calorific value was between 29 and 39 MJ/kg; in general, pine wood yielded products with higher calorific values. The pyrolysis of small wood industry by-products is an interesting method of utilization, yielding not only a liquid product with good calorific properties, but also a solid product, namely biochar, which may be used in carbon storage or used as a soil amendment.

Keywords: wood tar; energy source; biofuel; FTIR; heating value; biomass pyrolysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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