Customizable Life Cycle Cost Methodology for Ammonia Fuel Storage: Enhancing Adoptability Across Diverse Onboard Arrangements

Evanthia Kostidi () and Dimitrios Lyridis ()
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Evanthia Kostidi: Laboratory for Maritime Transport, School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical, University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
Dimitrios Lyridis: Laboratory for Maritime Transport, School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical, University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-18

Abstract: While ammonia offers several benefits as an alternative fuel, its adoption poses significant technical and economic challenges, particularly with respect to onboard storage and handling. To facilitate the large-scale deployment of ammonia in marine applications, there is a critical need to develop a robust methodology for assessing the life cycle costs of ammonia storage systems on vessels, either new-build and retrofit installations. With a robust life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) methodology, the maritime industry can better evaluate the feasibility of onboard ammonia storage systems, paving the way for their large-scale adoption and supporting global efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Given that ammonia is a relatively new marine fuel, this work addresses the current gap in knowledge by offering a structured approach to evaluating the costs across the entire life cycle of an onboard ammonia storage system, including design, construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life decommissioning. This methodology was developed with a high degree of flexibility to accommodate uncertainties in both technological alternatives and cost estimation. This work offers significant contributions to both academia and industry by establishing a replicable and adaptable LCCA framework for assessing storage solutions.

Keywords: life cycle cost analysis; ammonia fuel; alternative marine fuels; ammonia storage systems; LCCA methodology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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