Transesterification of Crude Rubber Oil Catalyzed by Lipase Extract Powder of Germinated Rubber Kernels for Biodiesel Production

Moya Joëlle Carole Akossi (), Konan Edmond Kouassi, Abollé Abollé, Wennd Kouni Igor Ouedraogo and Kouassi Benjamin Yao
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Moya Joëlle Carole Akossi: Laboratory of Industrial Processes of Synthesis, Environment and New Energies (LAPISEN), Joint Research and Innovation Unit in Chemical, Food, Environmental and Energy Processes, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro BP 1093, Côte d’Ivoire
Konan Edmond Kouassi: Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Physical Chemistry of the Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan 02 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire
Abollé Abollé: Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Physical Chemistry of the Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan 02 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire
Wennd Kouni Igor Ouedraogo: Laboratoire des Energies Renouvelables et Efficacité Energétique (LabEREE), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), rue des Sciences, Ouagadougou 01 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso
Kouassi Benjamin Yao: Laboratory of Industrial Processes of Synthesis, Environment and New Energies (LAPISEN), Joint Research and Innovation Unit in Chemical, Food, Environmental and Energy Processes, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro BP 1093, Côte d’Ivoire

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-23

Abstract: Lipases are essential in many industrial processes. Although microbial lipases are widely used, plant lipases remain more accessible and abundant, particularly in germinated kernels. This study aims to evaluate the catalytic potential of lipase extract powder of germinated rubber kernels in transesterification reaction. Germinated rubber kernels, lipase extract powder of germinated rubber kernels, and crude oils of palm (PKO), Jatropha curcas (JCO), and rubber (RSO) were characterized. The presence of lipase in the plant extract powder was evidenced by FT-IR and SEM-EDX analyses and hydrolysis reaction. Biodiesel was produced from crude rubber oil. The results showed that germinated rubber kernels have high moisture (33.48%), protein (15.75%), and fat (50.11%) contents. The optimum hydrolytic activities of lipase on PKO, JCO, and RSO were 25.67 U/mL, 26.67 U/mL, and 31 U/mL, respectively, at pH 5. Lipase extract concentration, temperature, and storage time influenced the lipase hydrolytic activity. The optimum biodiesel yield (29.63%) was obtained at 30 °C. The addition of co-solvents (water and n-hexane) to the reaction mixture increased yields from 20.47% (without co-solvent) to 31.06% and 21.85%, respectively. These insights show that germinated rubber seeds are rich in oil and contain lipase with good hydrolytic and catalytic activity.

Keywords: hydrolytic; catalytic; germinated; rubber kernel; lipase; biodiesel (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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