Enhanced Models for Wind, Solar Power Generation, and Battery Energy Storage Systems Considering Power Electronic Converter Precise Efficiency Behavior

Binxin Zhu, Junliang Liu, Shusheng Wang () and Zhe Li
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Binxin Zhu: College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Junliang Liu: College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Shusheng Wang: China Water Resource Northeast Investigation Design and Research Corporation Limited, Changchun 130061, China
Zhe Li: China Water Resource Northeast Investigation Design and Research Corporation Limited, Changchun 130061, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-21

Abstract: The large-scale integration of wind, solar, and battery energy storage is a key feature of the new power system based on renewable energy sources. The optimization results of wind turbine (WT)–photovoltaic (PV)–battery energy storage (BES) hybrid energy systems (HESs) can influence the economic performance and stability of the electric power system (EPS). However, most existing studies have overlooked the effect of power electronic converter (PEC) efficiency on capacity configuration optimization, leading to a significant difference between theoretical optimal and actual results. This paper introduces an accurate efficiency model applicable to different types of PECs, and establishes an enhanced mathematical model along with constraint conditions for WT–PV–BES–grid–load systems, based on precise converter efficiency models. In two typical application scenarios, the capacity configurations of WT–PV–BES are optimized with optimal cost as the objective function. The different configuration results among ignoring PEC loss, using fixed PEC efficiency models, and using accurate PEC efficiency models are compared. The results show that in the DC system, the total efficiency of the system with the precise converter efficiency model is approximately 96.63%, and the cost increases by CNY 49,420, about 8.56%, compared to the system with 100% efficiency. In the AC system, the total efficiency with the precise converter efficiency model is approximately 97.64%, and the cost increases by CNY 4517, about 2.02%, compared to the system with 100% efficiency. The analysis clearly reveals that the lack of an accurate efficiency model for PECs will greatly affect the precision and effectiveness of configuration optimization.

Keywords: converter efficiency model; wind–photovoltaic–storage system; enhanced power system model; capacity configuration optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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