Research on Multi-Objective Parameter Matching and Stepwise Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Wenna Xu, Hao Huang (), Chun Wang, Yixin Hu and Xinmei Gao
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Wenna Xu: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Hao Huang: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Chun Wang: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Yixin Hu: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Xinmei Gao: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-22

Abstract: Electric vehicle technologies present promising solutions for achieving energy conservation and emission reduction goals. However, efficiently distributing power across hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) remains a major challenge in enhancing overall system performance. To address this, this paper proposes an energy management strategy (EMS) based on stepwise rules optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The approach begins by applying a multi-objective optimization method, utilizing the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to fine-tune the parameters of lithium-ion batteries and ultracapacitors for an optimal balance in system performance. Additionally, an innovative stepwise-based EMS has been designed using adaptive PSO. This strategy builds a real-time control mechanism by dynamically adjusting the power distribution gradient threshold, taking into account the compensation for the state of charge (SOC). Comparative analysis across three typical operating conditions—urban, suburban, and highway—demonstrates that the stepwise-rule optimized strategy reduces the energy consumption of the HESS by 3.19%, 7.9%, and 5.37%.

Keywords: electric vehicles; hybrid power system; parameter matching method; stepwise-rule optimization energy management strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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