A Review on Thermal Management and Heat Dissipation Strategies for 5G and 6G Base Stations: Challenges and Solutions

Talib Dbouk () and Oumar Mourad
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Talib Dbouk: Complexe de Recherche Interprofessionnel en Aérothermochimie (CORIA)–Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6614, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rouen Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France
Oumar Mourad: Faculty of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik P.O. Box 446, Lebanon

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-16

Abstract: A literature review is presented on energy consumption and heat transfer in recent fifth-generation (5G) antennas in network base stations. The review emphasizes on the role of computational science in addressing emerging design challenges for the coming 6G technology, such as reducing energy consumption and enhancing equipment thermal management in more compact designs. It examines the contributions of (i) advanced modeling and simulation sciences, including antenna modeling and design, the use of (ii) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer, and (iii) the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in these settings. The scientific interactions and collaborations between these scientific multidisciplinary approaches are vital in the effort to develop innovative 6G thermal equipment designs. This is essential if we are to overcome the current scientific barriers and challenges faced by this evolving technology, where the rapid transition from 5G to 6G will shape the expanding fields of deploying smaller satellites into lower orbits in outer space.

Keywords: energy consumption; thermal management; electronic devices; artificial intelligence; 5G; 6G; mobile telecommunication; computational science; antennas design (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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