Impact of Cooling Strategies and Cell Housing Materials on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management Performance

Sevgi Aydın (), Umut Ege Samancıoğlu, İsmail Hakkı Savcı, Kadri Süleyman Yiğit and Erdal Çetkin
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Sevgi Aydın: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001 Izmit, Turkey
Umut Ege Samancıoğlu: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35433 Urla, Turkey
İsmail Hakkı Savcı: Ford Otosan İstanbul Plants, 34885 Istanbul, Turkey
Kadri Süleyman Yiğit: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001 Izmit, Turkey
Erdal Çetkin: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35433 Urla, Turkey

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-18

Abstract: The transition to renewable energy sources from fossil fuels requires that the harvested energy be stored because of the intermittent nature of renewable sources. Thus, lithium-ion batteries have become a widely utilized power source in both daily life and industrial applications due to their high power output and long lifetime. In order to ensure the safe operation of these batteries at their desired power and capacities, it is crucial to implement a thermal management system (TMS) that effectively controls battery temperature. In this study, the thermal performance of a 1S14P lithium-ion battery module composed of cylindrical 18650 cells was compared for distinct cases of natural convection (no cooling), forced air convection, and phase change material (PCM) cooling. During the tests, the greatest temperatures were reached at a 2C discharge rate; the maximum module temperature reached was 55.4 °C under the natural convection condition, whereas forced air convection and PCM cooling reduced the maximum module temperature to 46.1 °C and 52.3 °C, respectively. In addition, contacting the battery module with an aluminum mass without using an active cooling element reduced the temperature to 53.4 °C. The polyamide battery housing (holder) used in the module limited the cooling performance. Thus, simulations on alternative materials document how the cooling efficiency can be increased.

Keywords: Li ion cell; Li ion battery; battery thermal management; air cooling; forced convection; natural convection; phase change material cooling; passive cooling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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