Research on the Fire Risk of Photovoltaic DC Fault Arcs Based on Multiphysical Field Simulation

Zhenhua Xie, Linming Hou, Puquan He, Wenxin Hu, Yao Wang and Dejie Sheng ()
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Zhenhua Xie: Zhejiang Testing & Inspection Institute for Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
Linming Hou: Zhejiang Testing & Inspection Institute for Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
Puquan He: Zhejiang Testing & Inspection Institute for Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
Wenxin Hu: Zhejiang Testing & Inspection Institute for Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
Yao Wang: School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
Dejie Sheng: School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-19

Abstract: With the rapid growth of photovoltaic power generation systems, fire incidents within the system have progressively increased. The lack of thorough studies on the temperature properties of direct current (DC) arc faults has resulted in an unclear ignition mechanism, significantly increasing the fire risk associated with such faults. Hence, this work presents a proposed experimental scheme for detecting photovoltaic DC series arc faults (SAFs) and the corresponding detection standards. Additionally, the temperature characteristics of the DC arc fault are further analyzed. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) arc fault simulation model is developed to investigate the temperature-related aspects of photovoltaic DC arc faults. Finally, our experimental validation confirms the precision of the model in simulating arc temperature. It is verified that the research presented in this paper can provide a good explanation for the rise time of DC arc temperature and the characteristic distribution of arc distance. This study elucidates the impact mechanism of line current, power supply voltage, and arc gap size on arc temperature in a photovoltaic system. Additionally, it proposes an evaluation method for assessing the arc fault ignition risk level. This method is essential for safeguarding against arc fault ignition risk in photovoltaic DC series cells.

Keywords: fault arc; series arc; magnetic flow dynamic simulation; electric fire; risk of arc causing fire (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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