Communication-Less Data-Driven Coordination Technique for Hybrid AC/DC Transmission Networks

Arif Mehdi, Syed Jarjees Ul Hassan, Zeeshan Haider, Ho-Young Kim and Arif Hussain ()
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Arif Mehdi: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Syed Jarjees Ul Hassan: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Zeeshan Haider: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Ho-Young Kim: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Arif Hussain: Electrical Engineering Department, Iowa University, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-21

Abstract: There is a paradigm shift to hybrid (AC/DC) networks that integrate both AC and DC to meet growing energy demands, mitigate global warming, and interconnect distributed energy sources (DERs). However, the unique characteristics of AC/DC faults, the mutual interaction of hybrid lines, the harmonic components of converters/inverters, multiple directions of energy flow, and varying current levels have challenged the existing protection algorithms. Therefore, this paper presents a data-driven coordination AC/DC fault protection algorithm. The algorithm utilizes faulty voltage and current signals to retrieve the precise time-domain characteristics of AC, DC, and intersystem (IS) faults to develop the algorithm. The proposed algorithm consists of four stages: stage 1 includes the detection of faults, stage 2 identifies the fault as either AC or DC, stage 3 classifies the respective AC and DC faults, and stage 4 locates the AC/DC fault precisely. The hybrid test system is developed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the data-driven algorithm is trained and tested in Python. The extensive simulation results for multiple fault cases, either AC or DC, and the comparisons of various performance indicators confirm the effectiveness of the developed algorithm, which performs efficiently under a noisy and extended hybrid AC/DC network. Compared to other schemes, the proposed coordination protection approach can enhance the speed and accuracy of hybrid AC/DC networks.

Keywords: fault protection; AC/DC protection coordination; data-driven approach; intelligent fault protection; ensemble learning protection (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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