Emerging Trends in Urban Air Mobility: An Extensive Review

Francesco Tripaldi, Stefano Vianello and Nicola Bianchi ()
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Francesco Tripaldi: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Stefano Vianello: Rolls-Royce Electrical Alumni, 15827 Blankenfelde-Mahlow, Germany
Nicola Bianchi: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-29

Abstract: This paper presents a review of the main trends in the urban air mobility (UAM) sector. After an initial introduction to the key aspects driving the design of aircraft for this type of application and the main characteristics of each type of aircraft developed so far, the focus shifts to the description of the main regulatory frameworks, highlighting the essential requirements that the aircraft must meet at each stage of flight. To translate the aircraft or propeller requirements into design specifications for electric motors, an aerodynamic model is presented. Subsequently, a series of aircraft developed by major industry players is described. In the following section, the key characteristics sought in motors for UAM are outlined, along with various examples of motors developed by leading companies. Additionally, specific design considerations and recommendations are discussed, emphasizing critical aspects such as the adoption of advanced conductors and high-performance cooling systems to enhance power density and efficiency. In conclusion, this review highlights the diverse UAM designs shaping a technological shift in aviation. As prototypes evolve, greater standardization will drive industry growth and support the broader ecosystem, including vertiport providers.

Keywords: urban air mobility; all-electric aircraft; Li-ion batteries; energy storage system; electric propulsion; high-power electric motor; aerodynamic model; eVTOL; regulatory framework (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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