A Cooperative Adaptive VSG Control Strategy Based on Virtual Inertia and Damping for Photovoltaic Storage System

Yan Xia, Yao Wang (), Yang Chen, Jinhui Shi, Yiqiang Yang, Wei Li and Ke Li
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Yan Xia: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Yao Wang: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Yang Chen: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Jinhui Shi: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Yiqiang Yang: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Wei Li: Zonergy Co., Ltd., Zigong 643000, China
Ke Li: Hydrogen Energy and Multi-Energy Complementary Microgrid Engineering Technology Research Center of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-18

Abstract: This research proposes a novel adaptive virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy for a photovoltaic-energy storage (PV-storage) hybrid system. In comparison to the traditional VSG control approach, the adaptive control strategy presented in this research markedly diminishes the fluctuations in output power. This improvement is accomplished through the dynamic adjustment of virtual inertia ( J ) and damping coefficient ( D ), which enables real-time responsiveness to variations in light intensity, converter power, and load power factors that traditional VSG controls are unable to address promptly. Initially, a small signal model of VSG’s active power closed-loop system is established and analyzed for a grid-connected converter in a PV-storage hybrid system. The influence of these parameters on the response speed and stability of the PV-storage system is discussed by analyzing the step response and root locus corresponding to varying J and D conditions. Then, this study employs the power angle and frequency oscillation characteristics of synchronous generators (SGs) to formulate criteria for selecting the J and D . Based on the established criteria, a parameter-adaptive VSG control strategy is proposed. Ultimately, the efficacy of the proposed strategy is validated in MATLAB/Simulink under three distinct conditions: abrupt changes in light intensity, converter power, and load power. The results indicate that the strategy is capable of diminishing power oscillation amplitude, effectively mitigating instantaneous impulse current, and notably alleviating frequency overshoot.

Keywords: PV-storage; power fluctuation; adaptive VSG control; dynamic characteristics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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