A Win-Win Coordinated Scheduling Strategy Between Flexible Load Resource Operators and Smart Grid in 5G Era

Nan Zhang (), Di Liu, Tianbao Liu, Xueyan Zhang, Jing Guo, Fusheng Lan, Qingyao Li, Weiyi Lu and Xiaolong Yang
Additional contact information
Nan Zhang: State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100761, China
Di Liu: State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100761, China
Tianbao Liu: State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100761, China
Xueyan Zhang: State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100761, China
Jing Guo: State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210024, China
Fusheng Lan: State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350003, China
Qingyao Li: State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100761, China
Weiyi Lu: State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100761, China
Xiaolong Yang: State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100761, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-17

Abstract: With the rapid expansion of 5G base stations, the increasing energy consumption and fluctuations in power grid loads pose significant challenges to both network operators and grid stability. This paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy designed to address these pressing issues by leveraging the flexible load management capabilities of 5G base stations and their potential for inter-regional power demand response within the smart grid framework. This study begins by quantifying the dispatch potential of 5G base stations through a detailed analysis of their load dynamics, particularly under tidal fluctuations, which are critical for understanding the temporal variability of energy consumption. Building on this foundation, dormancy and load transfer strategies are introduced to model the scheduling potential for regional energy storage, enabling more efficient utilization of available resources. To further enhance the optimization of energy distribution, a many-to-many proportional energy-sharing algorithm is developed, which facilitates the aggregation of scheduling capacities across multiple regions. Finally, a comprehensive multi-objective, two-layer collaborative dispatching strategy is proposed, aiming to mitigate grid load volatility and reduce electricity procurement costs for 5G operators. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy, showing a significant reduction in grid load variance by 37.88% and a notable decrease in operational electricity costs for 5G base stations from CNY 4616.0 to 3024.1. These outcomes highlight the potential of the proposed approach to achieve a win-win scenario, benefiting both base station operators and the smart grid by enhancing energy efficiency and grid stability.

Keywords: 5G base station; adjustment potential; load transfer; energy sharing; scheduling strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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