Speed Estimation Method of Active Magnetic Bearings Magnetic Levitation Motor Based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer

Lei Gong (), Yu Li, Wenjuan Luo, Jingwen Chen, Zhiguang Hua and Dali Dai
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Lei Gong: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Yu Li: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Wenjuan Luo: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Jingwen Chen: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Zhiguang Hua: School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
Dali Dai: Chongqing Dema Inverter Motor R & D Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402260, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-20

Abstract: The installation distance between the speed sensor of the traditional rolling or sliding bearing permanent magnet synchronous motor and the rotor was very close, and the rotor of the magnetic levitation motor supported by Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) was in suspension. When the motor was running at high speed, the radial trajectory of the rotor changed all the time. The same frequency vibration caused by the unbalanced mass of the rotor made it easy to cause mechanical collision between the sensor and the rotor, resulting in direct damage of the sensor. Therefore, the sensorless speed estimation method was needed for the rotor control system of the magnetic levitation motor (MLM) to achieve high performance closed-loop control of speed and position. More importantly, in order to control or compensate the unbalanced force of the electromagnetic bearing rotor system, the rotor rotation speed signal should be obtained as accurately as possible. Therefore, the principle of adaptive sliding mode observer (SMO) was analyzed in detail by taking the rotor system of MLM as an example. Then, the sliding mode surface was designed, the speed estimation algorithm based on adaptive SMO was derived, and the stability analysis was completed. Finally, in order to verify the anti-disturbance performance of the system and the static and dynamic tracking performance of the motor, the dynamic performance was verified by increasing and decreasing the speed and load. The results showed that the speed estimation method based on adaptive SMO could achieve accurate speed estimation and had good static and dynamic performance.

Keywords: magnetic levitation motor (MLM); active magnetic bearings (AMBs); sliding mode observer (SMO); speed estimation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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