A Review on Phase-Change Materials (PCMs) in Solar-Powered Refrigeration Systems

Yali Guo, Chufan Liang, Hui Liu, Luyuan Gong, Minle Bao () and Shengqiang Shen
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Yali Guo: Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Chufan Liang: Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Hui Liu: Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Luyuan Gong: Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Minle Bao: Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Shengqiang Shen: Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-33

Abstract: Over the past few years, the combination of solar power with refrigeration technology has matured, providing a promising solution for sustainable cooling. However, a key challenge remains, namely the inherent intermittency of solar energy. Due to its uneven temporal distribution, it is difficult to ensure continuous 24 h operation when relying solely on solar energy. To address this issue, thermal energy storage technology has emerged as a viable solution. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of phase-change material (PCM) applications in solar refrigeration systems. It systematically categorizes solar energy conversion methodologies and refrigeration system configurations while elucidating the fundamental operational principles of each solar refrigeration system. A detailed examination of system components is provided, encompassing photovoltaic panels, condensers, evaporators, solar collectors, absorbers, and generators. The analysis further investigates PCM integration strategies with these components, evaluating integration effectiveness and criteria for PCM selection. The critical physical parameters of PCMs are comparatively analyzed, including phase transition temperature, latent heat capacity, specific heat, density, and thermal conductivity. Through conducting a critical analysis of existing studies, this review comprehensively evaluates current research progress within PCM integration techniques, methodological classification frameworks, performance enhancement approaches, and system-level implementation within solar refrigeration systems. The investigation concludes by presenting strategic recommendations for future research priorities based on a comprehensive systematic evaluation of technological challenges and knowledge gaps within the domain.

Keywords: phase-change materials; solar-powered refrigeration; renewable energy integration; thermal energy storage; energy efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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