Transmission and Generation Expansion Planning Considering Virtual Power Lines/Plants, Distributed Energy Injection and Demand Response Flexibility from TSO-DSO Interface

Flávio Arthur Leal Ferreira (), Clodomiro Unsihuay-Vila and Rafael A. Núñez-Rodríguez
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Flávio Arthur Leal Ferreira: UFPR—Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
Clodomiro Unsihuay-Vila: UFPR—Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
Rafael A. Núñez-Rodríguez: School Electronic Engineering, Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander, Bucaramanga 680005, Colombia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-33

Abstract: This article presents a computational model for transmission and generation expansion planning considering the impact of virtual power lines, which consists of the investment in energy storage in the transmission system as well as being able to determine the reduction and postponement of investments in transmission lines. The flexibility from the TSO-DSO interconnection is also modeled, analyzing its impact on system expansion investments. Flexibility is provided to the AC power flow transmission network model by distribution systems connected at the transmission system nodes. The transmission system flexibility requirements are provided by expansion planning performed by the connected DSOs. The objective of the model is to minimize the overall cost of system operation and investments in transmission, generation and flexibility requirements. A data-driven distributionally robust optimization-DDDRO approach is proposed to consider uncertainties of demand and variable renewable energy generation. The column and constraint generation algorithm and duality-free decomposition method are adopted. Case studies using a Garver 6-node system and the IEEE RTS-GMLC were carried out to validate the model and evaluate the values and impacts of local flexibility on transmission system expansion. The results obtained demonstrate a reduction in total costs, an improvement in the efficient use of the transmission system and an improvement in the locational marginal price indicator of the transmission system.

Keywords: expansion planning; energy storage; virtual power line; data-driven distributionally robust optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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