Axial Flux Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Driven by a Stirling Engine for Waste Heat Recovery

Zhongjie Li, Limeng Zhou, Ying Gong, Fan Shen, Yan Peng and Hao Wu ()
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Zhongjie Li: Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Future Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Limeng Zhou: Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Future Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Ying Gong: Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Future Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Fan Shen: School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Yan Peng: Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Future Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Hao Wu: School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: In this paper, an axial flux electromagnetic energy harvester driven by a Stirling engine (AFEEH-SE) is presented for recovering waste heat above 200 °C. A gamma-type Stirling engine with a slider-crank drive mechanism serves as the power unit to convert thermal energy into rotational mechanical energy. The harvester comprises a rotating magnet array and a stationary coil array. Finite element simulations were conducted to analyze and compare the voltage output under different magnet and coil parameter configurations. Subsequently, a prototype utilizing mineral oil combustion as the heat source was designed, achieving a rotational speed of 950 rpm under open-circuit conditions. Through systematic adjustments to the magnet and coil parameters, the optimal performance configuration was determined to maximize the output power of the harvester. Under this optimized configuration, the AFEEH-SE achieved an effective power output of 57.13 mW, capable of charging a 2.2 mF capacitor to 28 V in 49 s. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the AFEEH-SE in practical applications and provides a solid foundation for the future field of waste heat recovery.

Keywords: axial flux electromagnetic energy harvester; Stirling engine; thermal energy; waste heat recovery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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