Experimental Study on Using Biodiesel in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Juan Carlos Paredes-Rojas (), Ramón Costa-Castelló (), Rubén Vázquez-Medina, Juan Alejandro Flores-Campos and Christopher Rene Torres-San Miguel
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Juan Carlos Paredes-Rojas: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Unidad Culhuacán, Santa Ana 1000, Coyoacán, CTM Culhuacán, Ciudad de México 04440, Mexico
Ramón Costa-Castelló: Institut de Robótica i Informática Industrial, IRI (CSIC-UPC), Parc Tecnológic de Barcelona, C/Llorens i Artigas 4-6, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Rubén Vázquez-Medina: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco 141, Col Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
Juan Alejandro Flores-Campos: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2580, La Laguna Ticoman, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico
Christopher Rene Torres-San Miguel: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Unidad Profesional “Adolfo López Mateos” Gustavo A. Madero, Col. Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-22

Abstract: Hybrid electric vehicles are essential in the automotive industry. Combining electric propulsion with biofuels to power the electric motor and the internal combustion engine offers enormous potential to reduce fuel consumption and polluting emissions. However, to operate efficiently, HEVs require an EMS that decides whether the vehicle is propelled by the combustion engine or the electric motor while managing power generation and the battery charge state. This work analyzes the use of biodiesel as a fuel in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). For this purpose, the mechanical behavior of a diesel engine was experimentally determined using a B10 blend to evaluate its power, torque, emissions, and operating behavior, such as temperatures and pressures. The engine used was a 2.5 L four-stroke with 131 hp at 3600 rpm to complete the efficiency map considering power, torque, and combustion. Finally, an energy management strategy based on an efficiency map is proposed. The results show that it is possible to use a specific operating range of the combustion engine with maximum efficiency while maintaining an optimal battery state of charge (SOC).

Keywords: hybrid electric vehicles; biodiesel blend; energy management strategy; battery state of charge (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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