Energy Efficiency, Local Entropy Sources and Exergy Analysis in Measuring Orifice Plates: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach

Marcin Kruzel and Krzysztof J. Wołosz ()
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Marcin Kruzel: Department of Power Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland
Krzysztof J. Wołosz: CERED Centre of Excellence, Warsaw University of Technology, 09-400 Płock, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-24

Abstract: Accurate flow measurement is crucial for energy efficiency in industrial applications. This study investigates entropy generation in measuring orifice plates under high-pressure conditions (80 bar, 400 °C) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in OpenFOAM. Two turbulence models, k-ω SST and Spalart–Allmaras, are employed to analyze compressible steam flow and identify local entropy sources. Building on recent findings, this research explores the hypothesis that the discharge coefficient reflects entropy generation. The orifice plate’s abrupt flow contraction and expansion contribute to significant energy dissipation, affecting exergy efficiency. By quantifying entropy sources through numerical simulations, this study provides insights into optimizing flow metering techniques and reducing irreversibilities. The results show a strong correlation between entropy generation and the discharge coefficient, offering a new approach to improving measurement accuracy. This research supports the advancement of energy-efficient flow measurement methods, aligning with sustainable engineering practices.

Keywords: entropy generation; exergy efficiency; computational fluid dynamics; orifice plate; flow measurements (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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