The Integration of Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) in Germany: What Are the Benefits for Power Grids?

Mirza Sarajlić, Dorothee Peters, Mahdi Takach (), Frank Schuldt and Karsten von Maydell
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Mirza Sarajlić: DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Dorothee Peters: DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Mahdi Takach: DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Frank Schuldt: DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Karsten von Maydell: DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: This article provides an overview of the requirements for a grid-oriented integration of hydrogen energy storage (HES) and components into the power grid. Considering the general definition of HES and the possible components, this paper presents future hydrogen demand, electrolysis performance, and storage capacity. These parameters were determined through various overall system studies aiming for climate neutrality by the year 2045. In Germany, the targeted expansion of renewable energy generation capacity necessitates grid expansion to transport electricity from north to south and due to existing grid congestions. Therefore, electrolysis systems could be used to improve the integration of renewable energy systems, by reducing energy curtailment and providing grid services when needed. Currently, however, there are hardly any incentives for a grid-friendly allocation and operation of electrolysis or power-to-gas plants. Two possible locations for hydrogen plants from two current research projects HyCavMobil (Hydrogen Cavern for Mobility) and H 2 -ReNoWe (Hydrogen Region of north-western Lower Saxony) are presented as practical examples. Using power grid models, the integration of electrolysis systems at these locations in the current high and extra-high voltage grid is examined. The presented results of load flow calculations assess power line utilization and sensitivity for different case scenarios. Firstly, the results show that power lines in these locations will not be overloaded, which would mean an uncritical operation of the power grid. While the overall grid stability remains unaffected in this case, selecting suitable locations is vital to prevent negative effects on the local grid.

Keywords: electric power grid; electrolysis; hydrogen energy storage; load flow analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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