Quantifying the Economic Advantages of Energy Management Systems for Domestic Prosumers with Electric Vehicles

Domenico Gioffrè, Giampaolo Manzolini, Sonia Leva, Rémi Jaboeuf, Paolo Tosco and Emanuele Martelli ()
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Domenico Gioffrè: Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy
Giampaolo Manzolini: Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy
Sonia Leva: Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy
Rémi Jaboeuf: Edison Spa, 20121 Milan, Italy
Paolo Tosco: Edison Spa, 20121 Milan, Italy
Emanuele Martelli: Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-34

Abstract: The increasing adoption of intermittent renewable energy sources and electric vehicles in households necessitates effective energy management systems (EMS) in the residential sector. This study quantifies the economic benefits of using a state-of-the-art EMS for optimally controlling a grid-connected smart home, which includes PV panels, a battery, and an EV charging station with either monodirectional or bidirectional charging modes. The EMS uses a two-layer approach: the first layer handles strategic decisions with day-ahead forecasts and solving a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) model; the second layer manages the real-time control decisions based on a heuristic strategy. Tested on 396 real-world case studies (based on measured data) with varying user types and energy systems (different PV plant sizes, with or without BESS, and different EV charging modes), different EV models, and weekly commutes, the results demonstrate the EMS’s cost-effectiveness compared to current non-predictive heuristic strategies. Annual cost savings exceed 20% in all cases and reach up to 900 €/year for configurations with large (6 kW) PV plants. Additionally, while installing a battery is not economically advantageous, bidirectional EV chargers yield 10–15% additional savings compared to monodirectional chargers, increasing with more weekly remote working days.

Keywords: home energy management systems; MILP optimization; electric vehicle; vehicle-to-home (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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