Optimized Dimensioning and Economic Assessment of Decentralized Hybrid Small Wind and Photovoltaic Power Systems for Residential Buildings

Marcus Brennenstuhl, Robert Otto, Dirk Pietruschka (), Björn Schembera and Ursula Eicker
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Marcus Brennenstuhl: Enisyst GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Straße 8/1, 72124 Pliezhausen, Germany
Robert Otto: Center for Sustainable Energy Technology, University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart, Schellingstraße 24, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
Dirk Pietruschka: NETZ: Technologietransferzentrum Nachhaltige Energien, Aschaffenburg UAS, Würzburger Str. 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany
Björn Schembera: Institute of Applied Analysis and Numerical Simulation (IANS), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Ursula Eicker: Next-Generation Cities Institute, Concordia University, 2155 Rue Guy, ER-1431.35, Montréal, QC H3H 2L9, Canada

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-33

Abstract: In Germany, wind and photovoltaic (PV) systems dominate renewable electricity generation, with large wind turbines contributing 24.1% and PV systems contributing 10.6% in 2022. In contrast, electricity production from small wind turbines remains marginal (<0.01%). While currently only viable in high-wind locations, factors like rising electricity prices, cheaper battery storage, and increasing electrification could boost their future role. Within this work, a residential energy supply system consisting of a small wind turbine, PV system, heat pump, battery storage, and electric vehicle was dimensioned for different sites in Germany and Canada based on detailed simulation models and genetic algorithms in order to analyze the effect of bidirectional charging on optimal system dimensions and economic feasibility. This was carried out for various electricity pricing conditions. The results indicate that, with electricity purchase costs above 0.42 EUR/kWh, combined with a 25% reduction in small wind turbine and battery storage investment expenses, economic viability could be significantly enhanced. This might expand the applicability of small wind power to diverse sites.

Keywords: small wind turbine; heat pump; genetic algorithm; hybrid residential power systems; optimized dimensioning; energy economics; residential energy systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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