A Hybrid Blockchain Solution for Electric Vehicle Energy Trading: Balancing Proof of Work and Proof of Stake

Sid-Ali Amamra ()
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Sid-Ali Amamra: School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-26

Abstract: This research presents an innovative blockchain-based solution for the charging and energy trading of electric vehicles (EVs). By combining the strengths of two prominent consensus mechanisms, Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), the proposed system balances security, decentralization, and energy efficiency. PoW secures the blockchain, while PoS enhances energy efficiency and scalability, key factors in meeting the growing demand for EV infrastructure. The system’s decentralized nature allows for EV owners, charging stations, and stakeholders to interact and transact transparently, without relying on centralized entities. The research conducts a comprehensive simulation to assess the performance of the proposed hybrid blockchain model, demonstrating significant improvements in cost-effectiveness, scalability, and energy management. Additionally, dynamic pricing mechanisms within the blockchain enable real-time energy trading, optimizing charging times and balancing grid demand efficiently. Through the use of smart contracts, automated pricing adjustments, and incentive-driven user behaviors, the proposed system paves the way for more sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient energy solutions in the future.

Keywords: blockchain; Proof of Work; Proof of Stake; energy trading; electric vehicle charging; dynamic pricing; decentralized networks; smart grid; electric vehicle infrastructure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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