Evaluating the Balancing Properties of Wind and Solar Photovoltaic System Production

Riho Meister, Wahiba Yaïci, Reza Moezzi, Mohammad Gheibi, Külli Hovi and Andres Annuk ()
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Riho Meister: Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Wahiba Yaïci: CanmetEnergy Research Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A1M1, Canada
Reza Moezzi: Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
Mohammad Gheibi: Association of Talent Under Liberty in Technology (TULTECH), Sopruse Pst, 10615 Tallinn, Estonia
Külli Hovi: Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Andres Annuk: Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: This research evaluates how wind and solar PV systems balance together. Increasing the share of stochastic renewable energy production in electricity and hot turning reserve deficit are welcome compensation issues. This research used weather station data from an open seashore from the last 10 years, 2014–2023, on the Estonian island Saaremaa’s west coast to evaluate yearly fluctuations. We used the indicator demand cover factor to estimate the coincidence of wind generation and solar PV system electricity. For clarity, the initial data were prepared by assuming the equality of production and consumption annual data by scaling the obtained data. This study demonstrates that the best compensating possibilities are the share of wind generation and solar PV electricity mix, respectively, equal to 0.7/0.3 and 0.8/0.2, reaching a demand cover factor of 0.62. This study evaluated the demand cover factor’s dependence on increased production compared to consumption. This study used different batteries to research the influence of these demand cover factors. Furthermore, this research makes a significant contribution by showcasing how to turn weather station data into real wind generator and PV panel production data.

Keywords: solar PV systems; self-consumption; energy storage; weather data; data scaling; demand cover factor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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