Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization of Substation Building in Cold Regions Considering Various Influence Factors

Wen Sun, Qi Zhang, Ou Zhang, Ruyu Zhang, Junru Lin and Heng Chen ()
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Wen Sun: School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Qi Zhang: Economic and Technical Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Shenyang 110015, China
Ou Zhang: Economic and Technical Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Shenyang 110015, China
Ruyu Zhang: Economic and Technical Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Shenyang 110015, China
Junru Lin: Economic and Technical Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Shenyang 110015, China
Heng Chen: School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-17

Abstract: Building-energy consumption constitutes a pivotal component of global energy systems, with the heating and cooling loads during the operational phase being particularly significant. Substation building, as nodes in the transmission and transformation network, deserve attention for their building-operating loads. This study investigates heating and cooling loads during substation operation in severe cold climates. By integrating energy consumption simulations with one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal multivariate analyses, optimization strategies under key influencing factors are systematically explored. The impact analysis identifies the following order of influence magnitude on substation total loads: indoor equipment heat generation, ventilation rate, roof U-value, exterior wall U-value, and window U-value. The heating- and cooling-load characteristics exhibit distinct patterns depending on indoor equipment heat generation. The total building load can be reduced by 61.23 per cent under multifactor optimal de-sign conditions, highlighting the critical role of systemic design coordination. This study provides a case study reference for energy efficient design of heating and cooling loads in substations, especially where significant changes in equipment heat occur, and highlights the importance of controlling indoor heat sources to achieve optimal energy efficiency.

Keywords: energy consumption; power transmission and transformation; building-energy efficiency; building envelope; orthogonal design (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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