Blockchain-Based, Dynamic Attribute-Based Access Control for Smart Home Energy Systems

Urooj Waheed (), Sadiq Ali Khan, Muhammad Masud (), Huma Jamshed, Touqeer Ahmed Jumani and Najeeb Ur Rehman Malik
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Urooj Waheed: Department of Computer Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Sadiq Ali Khan: Department of Computer Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Muhammad Masud: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi Arabia
Huma Jamshed: Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
Touqeer Ahmed Jumani: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman
Najeeb Ur Rehman Malik: Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-40

Abstract: The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart household energy systems offers new opportunities for efficiency and automation, while also posing substantial security challenges. These systems utilize diverse standards and protocols to autonomously access, collect, and share energy-related data over distributed networks. However, this interconnectivity increases their vulnerability to cyber threats, making the system vulnerable to cyber threats. The literature reveals numerous cases of cyberattacks on IoT-based energy infrastructures, primarily involving unauthorized access, data breaches, and device exploitation. Therefore, designing a robust ecosystem with secure and efficient access control (AC), while safeguarding user functionality and privacy, is essential. This paper proposes a dynamic attribute-based access control (ABAC) model that leverages a hybrid blockchain architecture to enhance security and trust in smart household energy systems. The proposed architecture integrates Hyperledger Fabric for managing user, resource, and device attributes using smart contracts, while Hyperledger Besu enforces decentralized access policies. Additionally, a trust recalibration mechanism dynamically adjusts access permissions based on behavioral analysis, mitigating unauthorized access risks and improving energy system adaptability. Experimental results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in securing IoT smart home energy, while ensuring seamless device onboarding and efficient access control.

Keywords: smart home energy management; decentralized energy security; smart grid security; blockchain; smart contracts; dynamic ABAC; access control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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