The Impact of Different Types of Energy Transition Policies in China on Household Energy Poverty and Health Vulnerability

Xinyu Yang, Siqi Yu, Xinling Jiang, Zhongyao Cai and Ping Jiang ()
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Xinyu Yang: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Siqi Yu: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Xinling Jiang: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Zhongyao Cai: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Ping Jiang: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-21

Abstract: Climate extremes exacerbate household energy poverty, yet the policy impacts of various energy transition strategies remain underexplored. Leveraging a database of longitudinal socioeconomic–energy household-level data from China, we evaluate the micro-level effects of market-based policies—such as China’s energy quota trading—on households’ energy poverty and energy consumption patterns. We also assess the impact and equity outcomes of an inclusive energy subsidy strategy, including the Northern Clean Energy Program in China, on the health vulnerabilities of energy-poor households. Our findings reveal that while the energy quota trading policy has reduced the reliance on traditional energy sources, it has not sufficiently alleviated the economic burden on energy-poor households. In contrast, the Northern Clean Energy Program in China has significantly mitigated both health risks and economic pressures. These insights provide a robust foundation for optimizing climate change mitigation and energy transition strategies, ultimately promoting energy justice and a fair transition.

Keywords: household energy poverty; health vulnerabilities; energy quota trading; Northern Clean Energy Program; China (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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