Optimal Configuration of Flywheel–Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System for Smoothing Wind–Solar Power Generating Fluctuation

Shaobo Wen (), Yipeng Gong, Xiufeng Mu, Sufang Zhao and Chuanjun Wang
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Shaobo Wen: School of Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
Yipeng Gong: School of Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
Xiufeng Mu: School of Communication and Artificial Intelligence, School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
Sufang Zhao: School of Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
Chuanjun Wang: School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: The integration of energy storage systems is an effective solution to grid fluctuations caused by renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar power. This paper proposes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) capacity optimization method combining flywheel and battery energy storage. Firstly, improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) is employed to decompose the original wind–solar power signal into a grid-connected signal and a leveling command signal. Low-pass filtering is then applied to separate the leveling command signal by frequency and assign it to the flywheel and battery of the HESS, respectively. Secondly, with the goal of minimizing the full lifecycle cost, a capacity optimization model for a flywheel–battery HESS aimed at minimizing wind–solar power fluctuation is established based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Finally, a simulation analysis is conducted on a microgrid consisting of a 10 MW wind power generation system, a 10 MW solar power generation system, and a flywheel-battery HESS. The results show that the use of hybrid energy storage has a significant power smoothing effect, with a maximum power fluctuation rate of 3.2% in 1-min intervals and a maximum power fluctuation of less than 8% in 10-min intervals in most cases. Under the same stabilizing effect, the HESS reduces costs by 45.1% compared to single-battery energy storage.

Keywords: wind–solar power generating; flywheel and battery; HESS; capacity optimization; full lifecycle cost (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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