Assessment of the Energy Security of EU Countries in Light of the Expansion of Renewable Energy Sources

Aleksandra Kuzior (), Yevhen Kovalenko, Inna Tiutiunyk () and Larysa Hrytsenko
Additional contact information
Aleksandra Kuzior: Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka St. 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Yevhen Kovalenko: Department of Economics, Entrepreneurship and Business Administration, Sumy State University, 116, Kharkivska St., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
Inna Tiutiunyk: Department of Financial Technologies and Entrepreneurship, Sumy State University, 116, Kharkivska St., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
Larysa Hrytsenko: Department of Engineering Technology and Didactics, Technical University of Denmark, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-24

Abstract: In response to disturbances in the European energy market due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Europe had to strengthen its strategic resilience and reduce reliance on Russian gas imports by conserving energy, producing clean energy, and diversifying energy sources. A crucial aspect of this effort is assessing energy security, which serves as an indicator summarizing various aspects of energy development. This study evaluates the energy system’s ability to continuously, economically, and environmentally safely meet consumer needs in 28 European economies. This research employs non-linear (piecewise linear) normalization and the multiplicative convolution method, analyzing data from 2000 to 2021. Critical components of energy security examined include the resource supply, resource availability, consumption, compensability, efficiency, safety, and innovativeness. The findings indicate that most EU countries have sufficient-to-moderate levels of energy security. The histogram depicting the distribution of the energy security index and its components reveals that the innovation aspect within a country’s energy security framework has the lowest scores. This indicates insufficient innovation activity in developing and implementing new technologies and modern energy transportation and consumption methods. Consequently, the study highlights the inadequate effectiveness of current energy transition measures and offers recommendations for European policymakers based on these findings.

Keywords: green energy; energy security; energy consumption; greenhouse gas emissions; carbon intensity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2126/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2126/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:8:p:2126-:d:1638802

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().