Exploitation and Maintenance of Biomethane-Powered Truck and Bus Fleets to Assure Safety and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Saša Milojević (), Ondrej Stopka, Olga Orynycz (), Karol Tucki (), Branislav Šarkan and Slobodan Savić
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Saša Milojević: Faculty of Engineering, Department for Motor Vehicles and Engines, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Ondrej Stopka: Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Department of Transport and Logistics, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Olga Orynycz: Faculty of Engineering Management, Department of Production Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Street 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Karol Tucki: Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
Branislav Šarkan: Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Road and Urban Transport, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia
Slobodan Savić: Faculty of Engineering, Department for Motor Vehicles and Engines, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-26

Abstract: Motor vehicles in transport, as one of the important sectors of the economy, emit a significant amount of carbon dioxide and other products in the form of exhaust gases, which are harmful to human health. The emission of exhaust gases from motor vehicles is limited by appropriate regulations in accordance with environmental goals, such as the Paris Climate Agreement. Reduced emissions and fuel (energy) consumption is mainly achieved by applying modern technologies for the production of internal combustion engines; transitioning to cleaner fuels, such as renewable natural gas or biomethane; and using alternative propulsion systems. Biomethane stored in a liquid state in on-board reservoirs has advantages in truck transport, ships, and air traffic. The reason for this is due to the higher concentration of energy per unit volume of the reservoirs and the lower storage pressure and thus higher safety compared to the high-pressure storage option (compressed biomethane). The presented research is related to a proposition regarding the design of drive systems of city buses using biomethane as fuel in cases when fuel is stored on-board the vehicle as gas in a compressed aggregate state. In this study, the results of a calculation method regarding the roof-supporting structure of an experimental bus with gas reservoirs under higher pressure are discussed as well. This study also presents the possibility of reducing harmful emissions if biomethane is used instead of conventional fuels as a transitional solution to electric-powered vehicles. For the sake of comparison, it is suggested that the engaged energy and the amount of produced carbon dioxide emissions within the drive systems of different fuels are calculated according to the recommendations of the standard EN16258:2012.

Keywords: biomethane; energy consumption; greenhouse gas emission; maintenance; sustainable energy emissions; vehicles (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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