CO 2 Geothermal Power Generation: Laboratory Experiment on the Interaction Between Carbonated Water and Rishiri Island Basalt in the Vicinity of Injection Wells

Sakurako Satake, Heejun Yang, Koji Mori, Yukiko Hoshino, Akira Ueda (), Hideki Kuramitz, Kentaro Masuoka, Hisako Enomoto and Amane Terai
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Sakurako Satake: Graduate School of Sustainability Studies for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Heejun Yang: Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Koji Mori: Blue Earth Security, 3-1-3 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-003, Japan
Yukiko Hoshino: Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Akira Ueda: Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Hideki Kuramitz: Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Kentaro Masuoka: Technical Center, Taisei Corporation, 344-1 Naze, Tozuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0051, Japan
Hisako Enomoto: Technical Center, Taisei Corporation, 344-1 Naze, Tozuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0051, Japan
Amane Terai: Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (JOGMEC), 2-10-1 Toranomon, Tokyo 150-0001, Japan

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-23

Abstract: Novel geothermal power generation systems are being developed that use supercritical CO 2 as the heat transfer medium. In this technology, some CO 2 injected into the underground reacts with surrounding water and rocks to form secondary minerals, such as carbonate minerals and clay minerals; however, the reaction mechanism in the vicinity of the injection well, the subject of this study, has not been clarified. As the first laboratory test, Rishiri Island basalt was reacted with distilled water at 250 °C for 15 days at four different CO 2 concentrations to investigate the difference in reaction depending on the CO 2 concentration. Na, K and Ca increased rapidly until 5 days of the reaction, with higher values at higher CO 2 concentrations; Mg showed characteristic behavior with higher values in the test without CO 2 (using Ar gas). The saturation index of each secondary mineral was calculated, and it was found that carbonate minerals were unsaturated and clay minerals, such as smectite, were supersaturated under all test conditions, which was in agreement with the experimental results. It is concluded that a small amount of clay minerals was formed in this test due to the low pH of the reaction solution caused by the high CO 2 concentration, indicating that dissolution was the main reaction for the rocks in the vicinity of the injection well.

Keywords: CCUS; CO 2 -EGS; power generation; batch-type experiment; rock–water interaction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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