Review on the Development and Applications of Permanent Magnet Vernier Motors

Gan Zhang (), Xiaoye Guo, Junjie Zhou and Wei Hua
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Gan Zhang: School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Xiaoye Guo: School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Junjie Zhou: School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Wei Hua: School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-19

Abstract: The permanent magnet vernier motor (PMVM) is characterized by high torque density and torque transmission capability. It is widely used in applications such as electric transportation and renewable energy generation, where low-speed, high-torque operation is preferred. This paper reviews the basic working principles and development of topologies, as well as the applications of PMVM. The methods to improve the torque density, power factor, and torque ripple of PMVM are discussed. Furthermore, the paper explores the future development trends of PMVM, providing theoretical foundations and technical support for their further research and engineering applications. In addition to these areas, PMVMs have gained significant attention in precise motion control systems, such as in robotics and CNC machines, where high torque and low vibration are critical. Vernier motors are also being explored in applications like actuators for aerospace systems and advanced medical equipment, where reliability and efficiency are paramount. The ability to precisely control the torque ripple and improve the power factor of PMVMs makes them ideal for use in these demanding environments.

Keywords: permanent magnet; power factor; topologies; torque performances; vernier motor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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