Optimisation Strategy for Electricity–Carbon Sharing Operation of Multi-Virtual Power Plants Considering Multivariate Uncertainties

Jun Zhan, Mei Huang, Xiaojia Sun, Yubo Zhang, Zuowei Chen, Yilin Chen, Yang Li, Chenyang Zhao and Qian Ai ()
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Jun Zhan: Shenzhen Power Supply Company, Shenzhen 518000, China
Mei Huang: Shenzhen Power Supply Company, Shenzhen 518000, China
Xiaojia Sun: Shenzhen Power Supply Company, Shenzhen 518000, China
Yubo Zhang: Shenzhen Power Supply Company, Shenzhen 518000, China
Zuowei Chen: Shenzhen Power Supply Company, Shenzhen 518000, China
Yilin Chen: Shenzhen Power Supply Company, Shenzhen 518000, China
Yang Li: Shenzhen Power Supply Company, Shenzhen 518000, China
Chenyang Zhao: Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Qian Ai: Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-23

Abstract: Under the goal of “dual carbon”, the power market and carbon market are developing synergistically, which is strongly promoting the transformation of the power system in a clean and low-carbon direction. In order to realise the synergistic optimisation of multi-virtual power plants, economic and low-carbon operation, and the reasonable distribution of revenues, this paper proposes a multi-VPP power–carbon sharing operation optimisation strategy considering multiple uncertainties. Firstly, a cost model for each VPP power–carbon sharing considering the uncertainties of market electricity price and new energy output is established. Secondly, a multi-VPP power–carbon sharing operation optimisation model is established based on the Nash negotiation theory, which is then decomposed into a multi-VPP coalition cost minimisation subproblem and a revenue allocation subproblem based on asymmetric bargaining. Thirdly, the variable penalty parameter alternating directional multiplier method is used for the solution. Finally, an asymmetric bargaining method is proposed to quantify the contribution size of each participant with a nonlinear energy mapping function, and the VPPs negotiate with each other regarding the bargaining power of their electricity–carbon contribution size in the co-operation, so as to ensure a fair distribution of co-operation benefits and thus to motivate and maintain a long-term and stable co-operative relationship among the subjects. Example analyses show that the method proposed in this paper can significantly increase the revenue level of each VPP and reduce carbon emissions and, at the same time, improve the ability of VPPs to cope with uncertain risks and achieve a fair and reasonable distribution of the benefits of VPPs.

Keywords: multi-virtual power plant co-optimisation; electricity–carbon sharing; Nash negotiation; variable penalty parameter alternating direction multiplier method; asymmetric bargaining (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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