Characterization of Biochar from Switchgrass Carbonization

Samy Sadaka, Mahmoud A. Sharara, Amanda Ashworth, Patrick Keyser, Fred Allen and Andrew Wright
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Samy Sadaka: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
Mahmoud A. Sharara: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
Amanda Ashworth: Center for Native Grasslands Management, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Patrick Keyser: Center for Native Grasslands Management, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Fred Allen: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Andrew Wright: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA

Energies, 2014, vol. 7, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: Switchgrass is a high yielding, low-input intensive, native perennial grass that has been promoted as a major second-generation bioenergy crop. Raw switchgrass is not a readily acceptable feedstock in existing power plants that were built to accommodate coal and peat. The objective of this research was to elucidate some of the characteristics of switchgrass biochar produced via carbonization and to explore its potential use as a solid fuel. Samples were carbonized in a batch reactor under reactor temperatures of 300, 350 and 400 °C for 1, 2 and 3 h residence times. Biochar mass yield and volatile solids decreased from 82.6% to 35.2% and from 72.1% to 43.9%, respectively, by increasing carbonization temperatures from 300 °C to 400 °C and residence times from 1 h to 3 h. Conversely, biochar heating value (HV) and fixed carbon content increased from 17.6 MJ kg ?1 to 21.9 MJ kg ?1 and from 22.5% to 44.9%, respectively, under the same conditions. A biomass discoloration index (BDI) was created to quantify changes in biochar colors as affected by the two tested parameters. The maximum BDI of 77% was achieved at a carbonization temperature of 400 °C and a residence time of 3 h. The use of this index could be expanded to quantify biochar characteristics as affected by thermochemical treatments. Carbonized biochar could be considered a high quality solid fuel based on its energy content.

Keywords: switchgrass; carbonization; biochar; BDI; co-firing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (13)

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